Harga Komparatif: Biaya Produksi Wire Harness di China vs Vietnam
Ketika rantai pasokan bergeser pascapandemi, produsen sedang mengevaluasi wilayah yang hemat biaya untuk produksi wire harness. Tiongkok dan Vietnam tetap menjadi pemain dominan, namun model penetapan harga dan kondisi operasionalnya berbeda secara signifikan. This article provides a detailed comparison.
Labor and Overhead
Cina: Average factory labor cost ranges from $4.5¨C$6.5/hour in developed regions like Guangdong, higher in major coastal cities. Automation levels are high.
Vietnam: Average labor is $2.5¨C$3.5/hour. Lower overhead, but less automation.
Material Sourcing
Cina: Extensive local supply chain ecosystem for copper, PVC, Xlpe, konektor.
Vietnam: Often imports copper and components from China, which can raise material costs slightly.
Factory CapEx & Ongoing Costs
Cina: Higher startup costs, especially in Shenzhen/Shanghai; land and compliance fees.
Vietnam: Lower facility and tax costs, though infrastructure can be less reliable.
Export Taxation & Tariffs
Cina: Subject to U.S. Section 301 tariffs (hingga 25% on some harness types).
Vietnam: No additional U.S. tariffs under current trade terms.
Workforce Skills and Lead Times
Cina: Skilled in automotive/military-grade harness production; shorter lead times due to experience and logistics.
Vietnam: Catching up rapidly; lead times longer but improving.
Kesimpulan
Vietnam offers lower labor costs and favorable export terms, but China remains superior in supply chain maturity, production volume capacity, and technology. A hybrid sourcing model may yield the best balance.